ஒளிர்வு:54: - சித்திரை த்திங்கள் - தமிழ் இணையஇதழ் :2015







மேலும்,தீபம் மாதாந்த மின்சஞ்சிகையாக 2010 ம் ஆண்டு ஐப்பசி முதலாம் நாள்   ஆரம்பிக்கப்பட்டதுதீபம்சஞ்சிகையில் முக்கியமாக ,ஆரோக்கியமான தகவல்கள் அடங்கிய

கட்டுரைகள்,
கவிதைகள்,
நகைச்சுவை(சிரிப்பு),
திரைப் பட விமர்சனங்கள்(திரை),
திரைச்செய்திகள்(திரை),
தொழில்நுட்பம்,
உடல்நலம்(உணவு),
ஆன்மீகம்
* பாடல் 
* நடனம் 
என்பன தினசரி இடுகைகளாகவும்,தற்காலத்தில் எங்கள் மத்தியில் நடைபெறும் சம்பவங்கள்தொடர்பாக  சுவைபடக் கூறும்

பறுவதம் பாட்டி",(நடப்பு)
"கனடாவிலிருந்து ஒரு கடிதம் "(நடப்பு)
 கந்தையா தில்லைவிநாயகலிங்கம்,செல்வத்துரை சந்திரகாசன் அவர்களின் புதுமைகள்கூறும்  ஆய்வுக்கட்டுரைகள்  என்பன விசேட இடுகைகளாக முன்பக்கத்திலும் அழகுபடுத்திக்கொண்டுஇருக்கின்றன.
எமது பக்கத்தின் மேல் வரிசையில் காணப்படும் தெரிவுகளில் ''LINKS'' என்பதனை அழுத்துவதன் மூலம் ஏனைய நட்பு இணையங்களை வாசித்து மகிழலாம்.
தீபத்தின் வளர்ச்சியின் உந்து கோல்களாக விளங்கும் சகோதர இணையத்தளங்களுக்கும்தீபத்தின்எழுத்தாளாருக்கும்வாசகர்களுக்கும் நன்றியினை தீபம் தெரிவித்துகொள்கிறதுஉங்கள்ஆக்கங்களுக்கு:- s.manuventhan@hotmail.com
தமிழில் எழுதுவதற்கு:   click  http://www.typetamil.in  then Type in English and press space(add space) to get converted to tamil.
உங்கள் வருகைக்கு நன்றி.

தக்காளியை பற்றிய செய்திகள் !

tomato


தக்காளியை நாம் காய்கறிகளின் லிஸ்ட்டில் வைத்திருந்தாலும் அது பழ வகையை சார்ந்ததாகும்.
உலகின் அதி பிரபலமான,விரும்பதக்க பழங்களின் லிஸ்ட்டில் முதலில் இடத்தை பிடித்திருப்பது  தக்காளி.
வருடத்திற்கு ஆறு கோடி டன் தக்காளி விளைவிக்கப்படுகிறது.
Heirloom-Tomatoes-from-Market-with-names
தக்காளியில் 10,000 க்கும் மேற்பட்ட வகைகள் உள்ளன.
Lycopene-Of-Tomatoes-Fights-Cancer-Cells
தக்காளியில் உள்ள லைகோபீன் ( lycopene) எனப்படும் பொருள் தக்காளிக்கு சிவப்பு நிறத்தை அளிக்கிறது. அதற்கு கேன்சரை வரவிடாமல் தடுக்கும் ஆற்றல் உள்ளதாக விஞ்ஞானிகள் கண்டறிந்துள்ளனர்.

தக்காளின் அறிவியல் பெயர் லைக்கோபெர்சிகன் லைக்கோபெர்சிகம்

Origins of Tamils?[Where are Tamil people from?] PART :60


[by: Kandiah Thillaivinayagalingam]
The Indus Valley Civilization in present-day Pakistan and North India as like sumerian,had developed a Sophisticated irrigation and storage systems,including the reservoirs at Girnar in 3000 BC and an early canal irrigation system from 2600 BC.Though the Punjab & Kashmir have an extensive system of canals,We do not know whether this present system is identical to the ancient one which fed the cities of the Indus civilization.However It is certainly unlikely that the Aryans who invaded India about 1700 BC brought the art of irrigation to India,even though the rig Veda mentioned about canals[Kulya],wells[Avata or Avar],dam[sarasi] etc as Vedas were only written after defeated the Indus people.Even though the excellent drainage & sewerage system of these Indus cities was thoroughly studied no further data on the irrigation system that support them are known or any traces of ancient canals were found.Also this apparent lack of any preparation for dry seasons together with this representation of forest-loving animals on the seals seam to point to the view that the rainfall in Sind & the Punjab must have been much heavier.The first known mechanical aid practised in ancient India may be the bucket-wheel or the water wheel in Indus valley.This was supported by the the antiquities unearthed  from the mohenjo-Daro & harapa excavations.Sir John Marshall who studied the pottery evidences from Mohenjo Daro expresses his opinion about the possible use of pottery for water wheels.

His[Sir John Marshall's] argument runs thus the jars that have been
denominated "scared pottery" was made for attachment to an appliance for raising water very similar to the wheel that is used in most parts of near & middle east at the present day.This view simply finds corroboration in the remarks advanced by Ernest Mackay who says that,'Though there is no direct evidence that the water wheel was known to the people of Indus valley the shape & make of the jars found there certainly suggest that they were used on water wheels and this would of course explain why such a number were made & broken'.It is thus quite discernible that some technically advanced devices were put into practical use during that period.
Hence we can concluded that  the water wheel was known to the people of Mohenjo-daro & Harapa and they may used this for irrigation.The excavations at Harappa and Mohenjodaro reveal deep rectangular constructions that were probably the earliest tanks built in India.

[Indus Valley today:Farmers still grow crops in fields beside the Indus River.Notice how the water from the river keeps the crops green.]
Mehrgarh which  is  located near the Bolan Pass,to the west of the Indus River valley and between the Pakistani cities of Quetta,Kalat and Sibi.is now seen as a precursor to the Indus Valley Civilization.Archaeological digs of the Mehrgarh period sites that is around 7000 B.C. to 3200 B.C have unearthed some of the earliest evidence of farming and husbandry in that region.and also provides a rare insight to life before and during the first stages of the Indus Valley civilization,We find that these Semi-nomadic people of Mehrgarh cultivated crops such as Wheat,barley,jujubes and dates and herded animals such as sheep,goats and cattle developed the earliest farming in the area.This period also saw the first domestication of the elephants.There after,Irrigation was further developed in the Indus Valley Civilization with
[water wheel,on banks of Indus river, Sind,1838]
Sophisticated irrigation and water storage systems as we mentioned above and as a result of this innovation the size and prosperity of the Indus civilization grew.It eventually led to more planned settlements making use of drainage and sewers.Also Archaeological evidence of an animal-drawn plough dates back to 2500 BC and Some animals thought to be vital for survival were worshiped.
Beside,some of the toy pictures of the Indus Valley Civilization indicate that they were a proper system of water supply into different houses and places.Mostly,women had the responsibility to supply water into different places.Farmers made good use of water from the rivers.They sowed seeds after the rivers had flooded the fields,as flood water made the soil rich.They planted different crops for winter (which was mild and wet) and summer (which was hot and dry).They were probably the first farmers to take water from underground wells.They may have used river water to irrigate their fields.Their main cultivation products,amongst others,were peas,sesame seed and cotton.They also domesticated wild animals in order to use them for harvesting their farms
[ruins of Kali Bangan]  
There are indications that the techniques of agriculture,irrigation and drainage could have spread from one place to another,between Sumerians & Indus valley civilizations.For instance,the sumerians had developed the plow around 2900 BC,Harappan levels in Kali Bangan[Rajasthan],dated 2450 to 2300BC,have revealed a plowed field with distinct furrows.It is not certain whether the Harappans invented the plough themselves or borrowed it from the Sumerians.Harappans had a well developed technology for constructing masonry wells.According to Marshal,the water tables at Mohenjo-Daro was around 2M deep between 3000 and 2750 BC,so the Indus people could easily have constructed wells and lifted water for irrigation.Originally,water lifting devices were clay or leather bucket on a rope,later a persian wheel/water wheel was used.Also,because the Harappan Civilization was supported by a major river system,it would make sense that fish resources would have been a primary food source for inhabitants of the Indus Valley Civilization with Farming Products.

PART :61 WILL FOLLOW

விந்தையான விடயங்கள் -16

sun to earth
சூரியன் பூமியை விட 300,000 மீது மடங்கு பெரியது .

halleys-comet-picture
ஹேலி வால் நட்சத்திரம் (Halley’s Comet )கடந்த 1986 ஆம் ஆண்டு காணப்பட்டது, மீண்டும் அது 2061 ல் நமக்கு காட்சி தரும் .

venus

நமது சூரிய மண்டலத்தில் உள்ள வெப்பமான கிரகம் வீனஸ் ஆகும் அதன் மேற்பரப்பு வெப்பநிலை 450 டிகிரி செல்சியஸ் (Celsius) ஆகும்.
Saturn_during_Equinox
நாம் பார்க்கக் கூடிய கிரகங்களில் சனி கிரகத்துக்கு  மட்டுமே வளையங்கள் தெனபடுகின்றன. ஆனால்  இது போன்ற வியாழன் , யுரேனஸ் மற்றும் நெப்டியூன் மற்ற கிரங்களுக்கும் வளையங்கள் உள்ளன ஆனால், அவை தெளிவற்று இருப்பதால் நம் கண்களுக்கு புலப்படுவதில்லை.

Sputnik_asm
விண்வெளிக்கு அனுப்ப பட்ட முதல் மனித தயாரிப்பு ஸ்புட்னிக் என்ற ரஷிய செயற்கைக்கோள் ஆகும். அனுப்ப பட்ட ஆண்டு 1957.

tides


சூரிய மற்றும் சந்திரனின் ஈர்ப்பு விசை காரணத்தால்தான் கடல் அலைகளின் வேகத்தில் மாற்றங்கள் ஏற்படுகின்றன.

Origins of Tamils?[Where are Tamil people from?] PART :59

[​IMG]
         Tamil Alphabet AH          Tamil Vattezhuthu AH          Indus Sign AH

The Tamil alphabet which is read as AH metamorphosed from an earlier script,Tamil Vattezhuthu that is also read as AH has its origin from the Indus sign denoting the Draco constellation read as AH too.This links further confirm the the connection between Tamil & Indus Valley.Please note that the direction of writing as right to left in Indus script.

Also found another deity among the rubble of Indus Valley excavations along with prototype of the Shiva
lingam—phallic-shaped rocks.The syllables AH, MU ,VAN defines the primordial God "AHMUVAN" who also functions as a "Cosmic Man".Hence This has been suggested as "Ahmuvan".This deity is pictured on Indus Valley tablets as an elongated anthropomorphic figure with three protuberances in the head.Further,This deity is suggested to be associated with the Tamil god "Murugan".


The first Indian script,which is developed in the Indus Valley around 2600 B.C,is still undeciphered due to Lack of bilingual texts (like a Rosetta Stone),as well as very short and brief texts as the average length of the inscriptions is less than five signs,the longest being only 17 signs.Thus,it is still not possible to fully understand this civilization,as we have no readable records of their beliefs,history, rulers or literature as Indus valley language has not been identified fully.It appears that the maximum number of Indus script symbols is about 400,although there are 200 basic signs(ie signs that are not combined from others).Many signs start off as pictorial representation of a physical object.For example,there is reference at two places in Silappadhikaram,a ancient Tamil literature,on the bundles or trade goods that are stamped with seals that bear "Kannezhutthu" (கண்ணெழுத்து) - meaning, " letters by the eyes" which are signs or symbols that indicate the nature of goods,the trader etc which can be easily understood just by looking at it,that is it is in a pictorial writing.In this Tamil epic Silappathikaram,verses 5 –111.113,being told in the context of goods that had reached Pumpukar as:"வம்ப மாக்கள் தம் பெயர் பொறித்த கண்ணெழுத்துப் படுத்த எண்ணுப் பல்பொதிக் கடை முக வாயில்",confirm that the foreigners who came to the puhar,a flourishing ancient port city known as Kaveri poompattinam,had brought bundles of trade goods that are stamped with seals that bear pictorial writing["Kannezhutthu"].These pictorial writing really represent words in the language.What all early writers figured out was to use a word sounding similar to the original word for that object or idea to develop writing further.For example,in English to write "leave" we can use a picture of a "leaf".This is called rebus writing, and is a tremendously common pattern in all early writing systems.We could also then use the same "leaf" symbol to stand for the sound in "relief",adding another symbol in front of the "leaf" symbol in order to indicate the "re" sound.

Further,the Harappan Numerals seem to represented by vertical lines,but they only go up to 7.Analysis reveal 4 more signs that appear in the same context as these numerals,and so they likely represent numbers higher than 7.The fact that no vertical-line numeral sign denotes 8 very likely means the Harappan language is based 8.For example, the Arabic numerals or Indo-Arabic numerals that we use has symbols from 0 to 9, and to write "ten" we have to combined the symbols 1 and 0, which identify our number system as based ten.This decimal numeral system was actually invented in India around AD 500.They were called "Hindu numerals".They were later called "Arabic" numerals by Europeans,because they were introduced in the West by Arab merchants . Base 8 numerals or Octal numerals are rare in the world,but it does appear that early Dravidian is base 8,but later changed to base 10,possibly under Indo-European influence.For example,If we use base 8 instead of base ten,then 75 is written as "113" which denotes one sixty-four (8X8 ), one eight (1X8 ) and 3 units (instead of hundreds, tens and units) When translated,the count from 1 to 7 is familiar to us: "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven".However, above seven,the number's etymologies become non-numerical:8 is "number",9 is "many minus one",and 10 is "many".

But can we actually read (not interpret) any symbol on the Indus valley seals? To answer/explain to this question,We should start with "pictograms", as this one:


Many scholars (Knorozov,Parpola,Mahadevan,etc) see this sign as a fish.Fish in reconstructed Proto-Dravidian is mîn[மீன்]. Coincidentally,mîn is also the word for star[விண் மீன்].On many pots from Mohenjo Daro,an Indus site,there are drawings of fish and stars together,and so affirming this linguistic association.

In another "pictograms" as below,where the numeral six appears before the fish is interpreted/translated as "Six-Stars",or aru-mîn[ஆறு நட்சத்திரம் அல்லது அறு மீன் அல்லது கார்த்திகை (நாள்மீன் கூட்டம்)],Pleiades,a star cluster visible during autumn and winter just above Orion.


Sometimes symbols are added to the basic sign to make new signs.Of these,the one that looks like a circumflex accent placed on top of the fish is quite interesting.It is theorized to mean "roof",and in Proto-Dravidian it is Vey[வேய்/Putting on roof].This vey[வேய்].can easily change to Mey[மேய்/graze].This is phonetically similar to Proto-Dravidian word for "black",may[மை].Together with fish,it spells out mai-m-mîn[மைம் மீன்:"Even if Saturn(may-m-min) smoldered,a comet appeared,"/"மைம் மீன் புகையினும், தூமம் தோன்றினும்"/even if Saturn smokes,even if a comet appears,/சனிமீன் புகைகளோடு கூடிப் புகையினும்,எல்லாத் திசையினும் புகை(வால் நட்சத்திரம்) தோன்றினும் -Purananuru/புறநானூறு-117], or "black star",which in Old Tamil means the planet Saturn[சனிமீன்].But the "fish" reading isn't accepted by all scholars and as such,There is no such thing as an accepted Indus Valley script dictionary.

More Indus Valley Scripts and  its possible Interpretations are given below 

-------Kandiah Thillaivinayagalingam